A Comprehensive Review of HLA-DPB1 *05:01 in Hepatitis B: Cases and Sequencing Methods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33096/gmj.v6i3.194Kata Kunci:
HBV genomic, HLA-DPB1, polymorphism, hepatitis BAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Sistem antigen leukosit manusia (HLA) sangat penting dalam memediasi respons imun dengan menyajikan peptida kepada sel T. Di antara lokus HLA, HLA-DPB1 menonjol karena perannya dalam regulasi imun dan kerentanan terhadap penyakit. Alel HLA-DPB1*05:01, khususnya, telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai hasil imunologis dan proses penyakit, termasuk infeksi virus hepatitis B (HBV).
Tujuan: Ulasan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan HLA-DPB1*05:01 dengan infeksi HBV, perkembangan penyakit, dan respons vaksin, serta membahas metodologi yang digunakan untuk sekuensing alel ini.
Metode: Mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), pencarian literatur yang komprehensif dilakukan di PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, dan Google Scholar. Studi yang termasuk dalam ulasan ini berfokus pada HLA-DPB1*05:01 dalam konteks HBV, mencakup penelitian epidemiologi, hasil klinis, dan teknik sekuensing.
Hasil: Alel HLA-DPB105:01 memainkan peran signifikan dalam infeksi HBV, dengan efek yang bervariasi di berbagai populasi. Pada populasi Kaukasia, alel ini terkait dengan eliminasi spontan HBV, menunjukkan peran protektif. Sebaliknya, pada populasi Asia Timur dan Cina, alel ini dikaitkan dengan peningkatan kerentanan terhadap infeksi HBV kronis. Alel ini juga mempengaruhi perkembangan penyakit, memperlambat perkembangan ke penyakit hati yang parah pada beberapa populasi tetapi meningkatkan risiko pada populasi lain. Selain itu, HLA-DPB105:01 mempengaruhi efektivitas pengobatan antivirus dan dikaitkan dengan kemungkinan yang lebih tinggi untuk tidak merespons vaksin hepatitis B.
Kesimpulan: Alel HLA-DPB105:01 secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil infeksi HBV, menyoroti interaksi kompleks antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Meskipun teknik sekuensing memberikan analisis genetik yang mendetail, variasi dalam metodologi studi dan efek spesifik populasi menghadirkan tantangan. Penelitian di masa depan harus mengatasi keterbatasan ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang HLA-DPB105:01 dan perannya dalam infeksi HBV.
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